Carnations

Gvozdika (an armour. Diánthus) — the sort of perennial plants of family Gvozdichnye, some kinds are cultivated as летники and others blossom in a year of crops, and — as двулетники, that is in a year of crops develop only розеточные leaves and blossom for the second year. Wild-growing it is extended in temperate climate zones. The sort totals more than 300 kinds. In decorative gardening numerous hybrids now are used. This plant was especially popular in Soviet Union where red flowers were the Victory symbol in the Great Patriotic War.

From history: under the Ancient Greek legend, carnations are obliged by the origin to anger of the goddess of hunting of Artemis; coming back after unsuccessful day, she has met the herdboy playing a pipe and, having accused him that it has scared away the music all its game, in fury has pulled out to it eyes. Later, without having taken out a plaintive sight of these eyes, the goddess has thrown them on a footpath — and two red carnations have grown from them, reminding colour innocently spilt blood, and drawing — perfect evil deed (at some carnations in the centre a stain similar to a pupil).

Теофраст called carnations colours of Zevsa — centuries later Charles Linnej has entitled flower Dianthus, i.e. a divine flower. Плиний writes that in cultivation of carnations were engaged in Ancient Rome. Authentic mentions of a carnation garden, родоначальнице modern versions, concern XVI century when it planted in Holland and France for bouquets; however the carnation has got to France in the end of XIII century (it crusaders from Tunis have brought), and in the beginning of its XIV century (also brought from the East) cultivated in Medici's gardens in Italy.

In France and England the carnation was a flower of the higher estates, it was loved by kings, in Belgium it became common people flower, a symbol of the arranged well home; in Germany it symbolised a constancy and fidelity. Germans have entitled a flower "carnation" — for similarity of its aroma to a smell of the spice, the dried up buds гвоздичного a tree; from German this designation has passed in Polish, and then in Russian.

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